Filip Kiltorp, 33, a sales representative at Canon Business Center, charges his Volkswagen electric vehicle at the BRF Stenberg condominium association on May 28, 2026, in Hudiksvall, Sweden. The residential pilot project uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enabling electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units capable of supplying electricity back to the local grid when needed. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

A Tesla electric vehicle is connected to a DC/AC inverter at the University of Gävle on May 28, 2026 in Gävle, Sweden. The setup is used to test Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, allowing electricity stored in the vehicle's battery to power a building during a simulated power outage. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

Herbert Svensson stands beside the electrical installation linking electric vehicles, stationary battery storage and the local power grid at the BRF Stenberg condominium association on May 28, 2026 in Hudiksvall, Sweden. The residential pilot project uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enabling electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units capable of supplying electricity back to the local grid when needed. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

Filip Kiltorp, 33, a sales representative at Canon Business Center, poses with his Volkswagen electric vehicle at the BRF Stenberg condominium association on May 28, 2026, in Hudiksvall, Sweden. The residential pilot project uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enabling electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units capable of supplying electricity back to the local grid when needed. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

This photo taken on May 28, 2026 shows the BRF Stenberg condominium association, in Hudiksvall, Sweden. The residential pilot project uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enabling electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units capable of supplying electricity back to the local grid when needed. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

A bi-directional Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging station is pictured at the University of Gävle on May 28, 2026 in Gävle, Sweden. The setup is used to test Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, allowing electricity stored in the vehicle's battery to power a building during a simulated power outage. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

Researcher Nicholas Etherden stands beside a bi-directional Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging station at the University of Gävle on May 28, 2026 in Gävle, Sweden. The setup is used to test Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, allowing electricity stored in the vehicle's battery to power a building during a simulated power outage. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)

Herbert Svensson configures bi-directional charging settings inside a Volkswagen electric vehicle at the BRF Stenberg condominium association on May 28, 2026, in Hudiksvall, Sweden. The residential pilot project uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enabling electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units capable of supplying electricity back to the local grid when needed. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP via Getty Images)