Former French Economy Minister and candidate for the left-wing primary ahead of the 2017 presidential election Arnaud Montebourg (C) addresses journalists as he arrives at the summer conference of the French dissident Socialists MPs known as "Les Frondeurs" (The Insubordinates) on September 11, 2016 in La Rochelle, southwestern France. / AFP PHOTO / XAVIER LEOTYXAVIER LEOTY/AFP/Getty Images

(FILES) This file photo taken on September 17, 1972 shows the construction site of the major business district of La Defense, in the western Paris suburb. The "tours et detours" exhibition presents the different projects imagined for the Paris business district in Nanterre from September 12, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / STAFFSTAFF/AFP/Getty Images

(FILES) This file photo taken on August 13, 1987 shows the construction site of "La Grande Arche", in the major business district of La Defense, in the western Paris suburb. The "tours et detours" exhibition presents the different projects imagined for the Paris business district in Nanterre from September 12, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / PHILIPPE BOUCHONPHILIPPE BOUCHON/AFP/Getty Images

(From left) Chief of Presidency Neus Munte, President of the Catalan regional Government Carles Puigdemont (C), Catalan regional vice-President and chief of Economy and Finance, Oriol Junqueras and chief of Foreign Affairs, Institutional Relations and Transparency Raul Romeva attend a ceremony at the Rafael de Casanovas monument in Barcelona on September 11, 2016, on the day of the National Day of Catalonia "Diada". The Diada marks the date (September 11, 1714) when Barcelona fell to Spanish and French forces in the War of Succession, that redrew the map of Spain. This year the Diada opens the final straight in the dash to hold a vote on whether Catalonia should break away from Spain, a move the Spanish government has branded unconstitutional. / AFP PHOTO / PAU BARRENAPAU BARRENA/AFP/Getty Images

(From left) President of the Catalan regional Government Carles Puigdemont (C), Catalan regional vice-President and chief of Economy and Finance, Oriol Junqueras and chief of Foreign Affairs, Institutional Relations and Transparency Raul Romeva attend a ceremony at the Rafael de Casanovas monument in Barcelona on September 11, 2016, on the day of the National Day of Catalonia "Diada". The Diada marks the date (September 11, 1714) when Barcelona fell to Spanish and French forces in the War of Succession, that redrew the map of Spain. This year the Diada opens the final straight in the dash to hold a vote on whether Catalonia should break away from Spain, a move the Spanish government has branded unconstitutional. / AFP PHOTO / PAU BARRENAPAU BARRENA/AFP/Getty Images

(From left)Chief of Presidency Neus Munte, chief of Foreign Affairs, Institutional Relations and Transparency Raul Romeva, President of the Catalan regional Government Carles Puigdemont and Catalan regional vice-President and chief of Economy and Finance, Oriol Junqueras (R) lay a wreath during a ceremony at the Rafael de Casanovas monument in Barcelona on September 11, 2016, on the day of the National Day of Catalonia "Diada". The Diada marks the date (September 11, 1714) when Barcelona fell to Spanish and French forces in the War of Succession, that redrew the map of Spain. This year the Diada opens the final straight in the dash to hold a vote on whether Catalonia should break away from Spain, a move the Spanish government has branded unconstitutional. / AFP PHOTO / PAU BARRENAPAU BARRENA/AFP/Getty Images

South African main opposition party Democratic Alliance newly elected Johannesburg Mayor Herman Mashaba gives an interview to Agence France-Presse on September 7, 2016 at his office in Johannesburg, South Africa. For the first time since apartheid, the city's mayor is not from the African National Congress (ANC), but instead from the pro-business Democratic Alliance (DA) opposition party. And Herman Mashaba, a millionaire who made his fortune in black hair products, has set himself the ambitious goal of transforming South Africa's economic capital. / AFP PHOTO / GIANLUIGI GUERCIAGIANLUIGI GUERCIA/AFP/Getty Images

South African main opposition party Democratic Alliance newly elected Johannesburg Mayor Herman Mashaba gives an interview to Agence France-Presse on September 7, 2016 at his office in Johannesburg, South Africa. For the first time since apartheid, the city's mayor is not from the African National Congress (ANC), but instead from the pro-business Democratic Alliance (DA) opposition party. And Herman Mashaba, a millionaire who made his fortune in black hair products, has set himself the ambitious goal of transforming South Africa's economic capital. / AFP PHOTO / GIANLUIGI GUERCIAGIANLUIGI GUERCIA/AFP/Getty Images